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Amanita caesarea
''Amanita caesarea'', commonly known in English as Caesar's mushroom, is a highly regarded edible mushroom in the genus ''Amanita'', native to southern Europe and North Africa. This mushroom was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772. This mushroom was a favorite of early rulers of the Roman Empire.
It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stipe. Organic acids have been isolated from this species. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it ''Boletus'', a name now applied to a very different type of fungus.
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Amanita caesarea'' was first described by Italian mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772 as ''Agaricus caesareus'', before later being placed in ''Amanita'' by Persoon in 1801. The common name comes from its being a favourite of the Roman emperors, who took the name Caesar (originally a family name) as a title. It was a personal favorite of Roman emperor Claudius. The Romans called it ''Bōlētus'', derived from the Ancient Greek βωλιτης for this fungus as named by Galen. Several modern common names recognise this heritage with the English Caesar's mushroom and royal amanita, French ''impériale'', Polish ''cesarski'' and German ''Kaiserling''. In Italian, it is ''ovolo'' (pl. ''ovoli''), due to its resemblance to an egg when very young. In Albanian it is ''kuqëlorja'' from its colour (< Albanian ''kuqe'' 'red'). Other common names include ''Amanite des Césars'' and ''Oronge''.
It has also been classified as ''A. umbonata''. ''A. hemibapha'' is a similar species originally described from India, and this name has sometimes been applied to North American collections. The relationship of the similar North American species ''A. arkansana'' and ''A. jacksonii'' to ''A. caesarea'' is not clear. The edibility of some of these similar species is also unclear, though ''A. jacksonii'' is eaten by many and there have been no reports of illness from it. ''A. caesarea'' was first domesticated in 1984.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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